方式状语从句
he talks with me as if he had known me 3 years ago
条件状语从句
比较状语从句
as...as...
then
You looks as
方式状语从句
he talks with me as if he had known me 3 years ago
条件状语从句
比较状语从句
as...as...
then
You looks as
6.让步状语从句
while的特殊用法
它翻译成“虽然、尽管”的意思讲,只能放在句首,不能放在句中
5.结果状语从句
1)引导词
so...that so后面接形容词或副词
such...that such后面接名词
作文中只要出现形容词或副词的地方,都可以写成so...that句型
例:I feel so delighted that I can't help shouting and jumping.
4.目的状语从句
1)动词不定式+动词
to=in order to =so as to=目的是,为了
2)引导词+从句
so that
in order that
We climb higher in order that we can see farther.
We climb higher in order to see farther.
2.地点状语从句
where
The tree grows well in wet places
Where it is wet the tree grows well
3.原因状语从句
1)引导词:(均表示因为)
because,as,since,in that ,seeing that,considering that,now that,
given that
2)连词
for
3)介词短语
because of
due to
owing to
thanks to
for the sake of
as a result of
例:He had a car accident because he was careless.
He had a car accident for he was careless.
He had a car accident because of his carelessness.
前真后假和有果推因的区别
四、状语从句
是按引导词本身的意思分类,把引导词分为9类
1.时间状语从句
1)引导词
when=while=as
while翻译成“当XX的时候”,后面一定要跟进行时态。
since、before、after、the moment=as soon as(一...就)、by the time、not...until
2)状语从句的时态问题
when love comes,i will hold her hands
在所有的状语从句中,如果主句的动作和从句的动作都尚未发生的话,主句用一般将来时,从句用一般现在时表示将来。
when love came,i failed to hold her hands
发生过了,用该用的时态
3)区别 until 和 not...until
I will wait here until you come
I will not leave until you come
看主句的谓语动词是瞬间动词还是延续性动词,如果是延续性动词,就用until;如果是瞬间动词,就用not until
二、什么是状语
1.状语的含义
状语就是在一句话中修饰形容词、实义动词、副词以及整个句子的。
状语在一句话中,除了名词不能修饰,其它什么成分都可以修饰。
而定语只能修饰名词
2.状语的成分
1)副词、副词短语
she smiles sweetly
2)介词短语
he runs fast like a crazy dog
3)非谓语动词
he leaves,crying
4)从句
I will return the book as soon as I have
3.状语的位置
随便放
一、形容词、副词在句子中能够充当的成分
1.形容词
1)放在名词后面作定语
2)放在系动词后面做表语
2.副词
1)修饰形容词
he is very fast.
2)修饰实意动词
he runs fast
3)修饰副词
he runs rather fast
4)修饰句子
Actually,he runs tast
热风的
但是固定搭配除外,碰到固定搭配则到下下哥名词后结束。
(二)长难句分析
能够找到一句话当中的定语成分,并且把他们通顺的翻译出来。
找定语的关键就是找名词。
n+定语/同位语/插入语(前后有逗号)/谓语动词/状语
找定语的关键就是找名词,只要名词后有一坨东西,只要这一坨东西不是动词,就暂定(状语可以有)为修饰这个名词的定语成分。
定语从名词后开始,到主句的谓语动词之前结束;但是如果定语在主句的谓语动词之后的话,定语就从名词后开始,到句末结束。
一个大定语中通常都会有无数个小定语,每一个小定语都是到下一个名词后结束。
(二)长难句分析
能够找到一句话当中的定语成分,并且把他们通顺的翻译出来。
找定语的关键就是找名词。
n+定语/同位语/插入语(前后有逗号)/谓语动词/状语
找定语的关键就是找名词,只要名词后有一坨东西,只要这一坨东西不是动词,就暂定(状语可以有)为修饰这个名词的定语成分。
定语从名词后开始,到主句的谓语动词之前结束;但是如果定语在主句的谓语动词之后的话,定语就从名词后开始,到句末结束。
一个大定语中通常都会有无数个小定语,每一个小定语都是到下一个名词后结束。
八、定语和定语从句的考点分析
(一)写作
只要在作文中做到名词,都可以有意识的加一个定语的成分,把句子拉长。万能如下:
Raising pets looking strikingly cute as well as smart can reduce loneliness of senior citizens who have no any desecendants.
Supporting the elderly who have spent years of time and energy bringing us up keeps a Chinese traditional virtue with a long history.
Reading books such as a Nightingale and a Rose,Little prince,and My Dearest Mother(which are beneficial to both the physical and mental health of youngsters )can broaden horizon of readers.
英汉差异的对比
1.汉语注重的是意合,英语注重的是形合
1)句子结构
2)逻辑关系词的使用
你怎么回来那么晚
下雨了/因为下雨了
2.汉语多主动,英语多被动
3.汉语多短句,英语多长句
怎么把短句写成长句
乌镇是浙江的水镇,它位于京杭大运河旁
1)非谓语动词
Wuzhen is a water town in Zhengjiang province,locating near the river from Beijng to Hangzhou.
2)连词
Wuzhen is a water town in Zhengjiang province,and at the same time,locates near the river from Beijng to Hangzhou.
3)从句
Wuzhen which locates near the river from Beijng to Hangzhou is a water town in Zhengjiang province.
七、定语从句的至难点
寻找先行词
如何寻找先行词?
1.定语从句的先行词就是离他最近的那个名词
2.定语从句的先行词是他前面几个并列的连词
3.定语从句的先行词是他前面的一个从句
4.定语从句的先行词是他前面的整个句子
5.定语从句的先行词和引导词之间被一坨东西隔开了
五、定语和定语从句的特殊用法
1.that在引导定语从句时,如果在从句中充当宾语,that可以省略。所以在分析长难句时,如果见到两个名词或者代词直接放在一起,中间没有任何标点符号或者连词隔开,通常都是省略了that的定语从句。
I enjoy the lunch that my mother cooks
2.区别限制和非限制性定语从句
非限制性定语从句在分析长难句时,就相当于插入语,完全可以不看。
I love liu who is beautiful 我喜欢美丽的刘
I love liu,who is beautiful 我喜欢刘,她很美丽
3.如果定语从句的先行词和引导词之间有介词的话,人不用who 只能用whom,物不用that只能用which。
Gump is a man who we should learn from
Gump is a man from whom we should learn
I will never forget the day on which met you
4.区别 the same...as;the same...that
结合上下文语境
he is the same man as I love
他就想我爱的那个男人
he is the same man that I love
他是我爱的那个男人
5.which 引导的非限制性定语从句可以修饰前面整句话,as也可以,但是which引导的非限制性定语从句只能放在句子后面。
My husband enjoys chatting with other young ladies,which drives me mad.
四、定语从句
1. 定语从句的构成
名词+引导词+句子
2.定语从句的引导词
定语从句的引导词按先行词的种类分类,共分5类:
(1)当先行词是人的时候:
who whom whose
(2)当先行词是物的时候:
that which whose
(3)当先行词是时间的时候:
that which when
(4)当先行词是地点的时候:
that which where
(5)当先行词是原因的时候:
that which why
3.到底是谁决定了引导词的用法呢?
(1)先行词
(2)引导词在从句中能够充当的成分
共同决定了定语从句的引导词的用法
4.引导词本身的按词性分类,把引导词分为三类
(1)代词(在从句中一定要充当主语或宾语的成分):
who whom(仅宾语)that which
(2)副词(在从句中不能充当任何主干成分):
where when why
(3)形容词(在从句中修饰离他最近的名词):
whose
六、定语从句和同位语从句的区别
I have a dream that sounds ridiculous
I have a dream that i become a rich lady
1.定语从句是对前面名词的修饰,而同位语从句是对前面名词意思的解释。
2.看引导词that在从句中是否充当了成分,如果充当了成分,就是定语从句;如果没有充当成分,就是同位语从句。
3.定语从句的先行词可以是所有名词,而同位语从句的先行词只能是抽象名词
4.定语从句的引导词一共有8个,而同位语从句的引导词一般都是that
三、定语的位置
前小后大:
当一个单词修饰名词时,通常放在名词前
当多个单词修饰名词时,通常放在名词后
1.This keeps a fiction about a nightingale and a rose.(介词短语做定语)
这是一个关于夜莺和玫瑰的故事
2.The youngster grasping romance left the party of the prince.
那个懂爱的年轻人离开了王子的舞会
3.The boy dumped looks pitiful.
当过去分词修饰名词的时候,即使只有一个单词,也通常放在名词后。
那个被抛弃的男人看起来很可怜
4.I have something important to say.
当形容词修饰不定代词时,即使只有一个单词,也通常放在名词后
初次以外,都是前小后大
定语和定语从句
一、什么是定语
只要听到“...的”+名词,“...的”就是修饰这个名词(短语)的定语成分。
二、定语的成分
1.形容词作定语
2.名词作定语
The singing of the nightingale can make the rose bloom
夜莺的歌声能使玫瑰开放
名词修饰名词写成of短语,the+被修饰的名词+of
3.介词短语作定语
The nightingale out of the window heard the sighs of the youngster.
窗外的夜莺听到了年轻人的感叹
4.非谓语动词作定语
The sing nightingale lost his life
唱歌的夜莺失去了生命
5.从句作定语
夜莺用生命换来的玫瑰花